End of the shift.......
returning to the surface using the 'man engine' lift.
Although a 'man engine' was never used at Wheal Friendship I think that it is interesting
enough to explain how men left very deep mines elsewhere.
The miner stepped on to the tiny platform attatched to the rods and was
raised or lowered - depending on what "stroke" he stepped on. This
transported him by the "lift" or "stroke" towards the next
platform above where he stepped off. He then stepped on to the platform
when it next appeared from above. He was raised to the next level above.
He jumped off, waited for the next ascending
stroke and stepped on again. This raised him to the surface in progressive
steps. Here it was the distance between each platform - about 2 fathoms.
The "stroke" of the "man engine" was the distance that the large beam attached
to the engine above rose or fell during a stroke. The weight of the rods
themselves was counter-balanced using a "bob box" filled with rocks. This
evened out the weight so that there was less work for the engine to raise or
lower.
The ladder along side was for use when the man engine was not working. On
these occasions the men had to climb out or walked out on the adit level.
The depths of many shafts were often well in excess of 1000ft deep. Start
and cease work times were counted from the work face - not the shaft bottom!
It was usual for every third man to keep his candle lit when using the "man
engine". This saved on candles of course. Very short or stub ends were taken
home to light their houses. They could not afford to let them be wasted.
At Wheal Friendship they relied on long wooden ladders to exit from the mine.
Note the candles fixed to the front of the miner's hats with clay.
Normally the only light available was from these candles. The light
provided here was by magnesium flash so as to take the picture. Immediately
afterwards it was an abrupt return to darkness!
The miners had to buy
their own candles - they were not supplied by the mine owners.